Indiana University Professor Curtis Bonk MOOCs

　　Curtis Bonk (Curtis Bonk) is currently a professor of educational psychology and educational technology at Indiana University, while part-time at the Indiana University School of Information, US Department of Defense and the Army Institute of Research "Advanced Distributed Learning (ADL)" laboratory senior researcher, one of the Study and Research Center at Indiana University and technology (CRLT) founding member, CourseShare founder.

　　Bunker won the Indiana University Information Technology Association of digitized Rising Star Award, the United States Distance Learning Association Best Achievement Award, Indiana Distance Education Innovation Award. 2012-2016, he was the fifth consecutive year and was named Education Next Education Week magazine as the outstanding contributors to the field of education. 2014 won the field of distance education Mildred B. and Charles A.Wedemeyer Distance Education Award for Outstanding Practice and Outstanding Contribution Award. During the American Association for Educational Communications and Technology Summer 2015 International Symposium, International Comparative Education Informatization Research Center scholar by the Ministry of Education Management Information Center and Shanghai International Studies University to build on Professor Curtis Bonk interview. In the interview, Professor Curtis Bonk emphasis on research of educational technology should focus on human development and change, teachers should reflect on the role of technology in the high-end capacity building should play, noting that the latest technology can provide more information, way crowdsourcing and international cooperation to improve the quality of teaching and learning that integrate different theories to create a learning environment is the development direction of blended learning.

　　A Comparative Study of International Education Information Center (hereinafter referred to as the "Center") : Dear Professor Bunker, learning the art as a leading expert in recent years, you are up to 1000 times in speeches around the world, published and edited by over 300 publications, covering topics online education, blended learning, massive online courses (MOOCs), various aspects of massively multiplayer online games, Wiki books, blog, open source software, collaborative learning techniques and synchronous and asynchronous computer conferencing. Can you introduce us to your current main research directions and interested?

　　Curtis Bonk: I am currently focused on four aspects. First, my team working on international cooperation, international projects, international cooperative learning among students. Teachers should include how to develop curriculum? How to train teachers? How teachers use technology to achieve this kind of teaching? How to promote the professional development of teachers?

　　Second, I am concerned about life-changing. Mu resource or lesson education, whether or not to change people's lives? Are their ability to produce change? Are able to get a new job? Whether it has a new career? I am from the larger human development point of view, but not limited to test scores. In addition, where there is a part about the challenges, successes, frustrations, goals and other topics, as well as the use of open educational resources to bring to life the story changes. In these respects, what are the obstacles? What are the challenges and difficulties? What things will help produce? What are the goals? They want to learn from those free content to what?

　　Third, we have to do some language learning research, focusing in particular second language learning. I am interested in how people use Livemocha, ChinesePod, italki, Babbel and other existing tools, a free language learning and communication. Also, what people use these tools preferences?

　　Fourthly, I also studied blended learning environment, focusing on application of national differences and blended learning between China, the United Kingdom, the United States and South Korea in an enterprise environment.

　　In addition to the above mentioned four areas, I also did the game of motivation collaboration technologies, and online learning to stimulate and maintain part of the research.

　　The above is some of my main research directions, but I'm most interested in is the use of technology in the process of teaching, that is, how to use technology for teaching. Do not pay attention to technology and pedagogy talk technology, which has been discussed for thousands of years. What we need to reflect on the benefits of technology to bring that subject for who is playing what role, why should the use of technology. Very excited about the development of technology, but this is only the first step. We need to examine how to integrate technology and education. I have published a number of information technology and the integration of education books, this theme worth exploring.

　　In addition, I believe that, combined with today's technology, teacher training and professional development, will be an important area. In all fields, can be found online blended learning exciting. This topic is no longer a dialogue between educational technology professionals, but are all Digital Learning from anthropology to zoology persons in various disciplines, online learning, blended learning, Mu class full of interest. For us in this area, this is really exciting moment, affecting our generation may no longer be limited to our research area, with little research can be like us popular. The problem is that most people are not aware of this, and the lack of the field led by a.

　　Center: In addition to the development of several areas that you just mentioned, what do you think the theme of research information in the field of education will become a hot topic in the coming years?

　　Curtis Bonk: We often hear a lot of concern relating to: technology assessment, copyright, plagiarism and quality issues. Quality issues of concern, especially the quality of content, assessment, plagiarism and copyright issues, but these are not exciting to me theme.

　　What do we really need? I want to be able to promote and maintain the motivational aspects of work. How to get people to browse through the course and continue left to learn? How to get people to participate fully? How to get people to gain something, able to match different courses of experience, the integration of personalized content, not just a one-off combination sporadically ? free course on how to understand what you are doing you how to accomplish things with the file retention this is what I value the research needs -?? focus complete person. This goes back to my point of view mentioned human development, life-changing, that we do not pay attention to consider test scores, but rather on how to change people's career, find a new hobby, get new respect from a family member, or to obtain new goals or vision. To me, these subtle than those concerned, little change is more important research questions. I think, need to study human development, not just human learning.

　　In the United States, there is a new psychological term called "determination", which means that when life encounter difficulties, sustained efforts can go on, can perform better. The current University of Pennsylvania psychology research shows that students will have the determination to have a better quality performance. Students who excel, often devoted time to focus on doing things, rather than see the phone from time to time, to check e-mail, Internet access. They are able to focus, to find ways to effective and meaningful manner, the distribution itself attention. Our research also turned attention needs attention, concentration, learning skills, because learning is changing. We need to study the changes in thinking multitasking Context, which will be very interesting.

　　Center: education information is the key to the depth of integration of information technology and education, which side do you think is most important?

　　Curtis Bonk: I think the need for teachers to reflect advances in technology and education level integration achieved. For example, when the need to develop creative thinking ability, teachers know how to brainstorming, free writing or other activities to stimulate thinking. When developing critical thinking, teachers can use technology to carry out comparison, comparison and analysis activities. Timeline, classification, concept maps, mind mapping is a powerful tool, but also very simple. We need to find ways to allow teachers to obtain the required sample, advice and help, for example, by offering to do a Venn diagram to compare and contrast, flowcharts, time lines, classification examples will help them visualize ideas; also need providing opportunities to use so that it trained to reflect on the work done, and think about how to adjust the next.

　　Center: You also mentioned that more difficult for teachers to carry out blended learning. How to help teachers to solve this problem?

　　Curtis Bonk: teacher development, there are six stages. The first step is awareness; the second step is to resist, people think you can not, no one wants to change; The third step is to understand, to know what is possible; fourth step is to use the end-use of the new method, things to do certain things, which is part of creation, do not even see those who see things; a fifth step, share, generate and share; sixth step is the contribution, the contributor share with others, and finally no longer resist and possibly training to others; if there is a seventh step, then it will be evaluated. In fact, it should be evaluated at each step throughout the procedure. Then this cycle will continue. In my new book, "Online Learning Motivation and Incentives: TEC-VARIETY model - motivate and retain 100 learners online activity", in which a chapter for teachers who hesitation and anxiety, which talked about how to proceed with them Cooperation. We also talked about how the instructor, so that they recognized what they were doing. Through the guidance of teachers and recognition, giving them the opportunity to learn about best practices, demonstrate exemplary work.

　　Center: Do you think technology in improving the quality of teaching and learning aspect will play what role?

　　Curtis Bonk: technology in the cultivation of low-level ability, no problem, exercise is generally better. Lecture method has some effect, but the need to reduce the percentage of pure lecture time, also need to make better use of the opportunity to explore network resources that we have. If the information does not help students explore, reflect the contents of the discovery, which is unfair to them, is not conducive to their culture looking stimuli, reflection, awareness and ability to create new things required in the future and so on.

　　Therefore, the technology can also be used for critical thinking, creative thinking, collaboration, motivation, decision making, problem solving, find the cultivation of other high-end capabilities. I think, in terms of information technology education, cultivation of high-level thinking skills related technologies is a key component of teacher training. For example, in questioning behavior, how teachers ask questions without providing answers to clues? How can teachers provide scaffolding learning? By building "Stand", allow students to do more work than expected? This is the art of teaching, that catch learners' ability to live, and to enable students to voluntarily take the initiative to take on more responsibility for learning.

　　Technology can help teachers to locate their learners want access to content. The past is mechanically drill, like the dentist tooth repair or house was built with a hammer to hammer a nail, it is not appropriate teaching methods. Teaching methods should be based on an interesting way to present content to stimulate people's curiosity.

　　Center: 2015 UNESCO Global Education will be held in Incheon Assembly obtained a fair and equal quality education as an important guiding principle of the global education agenda after 2015, we will focus on 2030, to provide fair for all , high-quality education and lifelong learning pathways. In your view, how do we understand "universal access to quality learning content"?

　　Curtis Bonk: quality can be reflected in many ways, it is not easy to define, and this is where the fun and challenge. Quality is very difficult to define. There is a book called "Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance," which is all about the quality of thinking, author frantically trying to define quality. Our problem today is finding high-quality online learning resources.

　　There are many quality measurement standards, some are about the quality of multimedia courseware, such as whether there is video? Is there a text? Is there a movie? Are the contents easy to read, easy to get? Simplicity, how can explanatory. Another aspect of the degree of quality content continually updated, get the latest content, or out of date? When the regulations, the concept of change, whether in new ways for content updates?

　　In addition, taking into account the speed of Internet issues, quality is also reflected in the content easy to download.

　　On how to improve the quality of technology, on the one hand to provide more current information, this information is now available, but it may take more than three years of test in order to achieve the quality of textbooks. With the Internet and the development of blended learning, you can use simulation, animation or the latest information such as new laws, new regulations, new procedures, new theories, new concepts and other things to improve the quality of the course.

　　Second, after the release of the content to the Internet, more people can see your content, they can discuss with you the content is accurate, you may find that there is an error somewhere. Therefore, the technology does facilitate peer review, which is known as crowdsourcing. This peer or peer evaluation process, but also improve the quality aspect.

　　Typically there will be a book editor or two proofreaders two or three external reviewers, involving a total of about five people. Mu a lesson, in fact there may be 30,000 people become reviewer content. In some cases, anatomy, physiology and other disciplines of Internet courses, there will be hundreds of thousands of people download and use the content, the content of those evaluated. Thus, online learning can be more immediate, more accurate, creating more ways to share, provide more peer review and standardization of the content of opportunities.

　　In addition, there are many aspects of educational information can think of the quality of teaching.

　　Technology on its own, is to meet people's needs. As we wear watches, but no matter how attractive, how expensive, it is to tell people watch function of time. The same is true learning techniques. For human use, it is not too difficult to contact must be simple, so people want to use, share, regroup, and recycling.

　　Center: You nine years ago blended learning trends were predicted, some of which predict very accurately. You can do it again forecasts?

　　Curtis Bonk: Interestingly, when I look back, "the world is open," this book, open to see 12-14 trend inside. One trend is the basic lesson about Mu, Mu class but I did not mention the word. In the 14 trend predicted in a one, this is not a good ratio.

　　So, the future trend will be? From my perspective, I think the current trend is a language translation, our language adaptability growing. So, after five years, when you walk into this building, language, and video will progress. Video wall, you can put experts to a class, it is happening. Indiana University has a smart wall, the world's largest projection wall tiles, enormous. One day, I might send experts from around the world to my class. Future such video wall will often appear in the coffee bar, grocery stores, airports, zoos and schools.

　　I have been in the "world is open," mentioned in the book, ten years after the children went into a school, you can click on the screen and displays the selection of their teachers. These children may be 7 years old, 10 years old, 15 years old, respectively, are different ages. They can also choose students from Singapore, South Korea, China or the United States. Our global classrooms everywhere, everywhere, not just through the video, as well as text-based web conferencing, and even use the virtual reality headset for high fidelity interaction.

　　I think that education should be a global field of explosive development. People need to learn about other cultures in the world, to understand their perspective, to feel truly from the perspective of others.

　　Your building, your car, your watch to speak, which will occur, and some have occurred. Since 1984, when I was reading the journal of the American Association for Artificial Intelligence AI is, these people have been promised will happen. 30 years ago, said the e-book to appear, and now finally here. We can scan books, reading books, animation and rendering analog books, this is long before promised to do. Today, the rapid development of video, we are converting from Definition video era to era, this is another prediction that will be or is already happening. We have to find a solution from the video rather than text.

　　My next book is about blended learning. I am ready to explore the new role of teachers, to help you like a hotel concierge to find what you need; like a museum curator, to help you find quality content to show people; or Orchestra, put things into together; also a tour guide, takes you on an interesting tour of the camp. Learning concierge, curator, cultivator, tour guides, will lead us towards a more realistic teaching and learning.

　　We are creating the learning environment, and this is our direction of development. We do not need a certain kind of single theory, such as behavioral theory, cognitive theory, constructivist theory, the theory of connection, but need these theories in a certain way together. We have no need to debate these theories, but to find a way, these theories are fused to create a learning environment.

　　We need to create is to study philosophy, we need to start promoting the philosophy of teaching people to think, not just to adapt to the new iPad, new interactive novel or watch glasses wearable device. Science and technology may allow learners excited, so they found that "I can do cool things, such as writing e-book global collaboration." But now we must allow them to reflect on why. Diversity in the framework --R2D2 frame I have proposed (Read, Reflect, Display, and Do), proposes the use of technology to carry out the steps of learning to read, reflect, display, operation.

　　Future, Mu Mu class or classes of derivatives will be a big concern in the field. We need to think how to use the Mu class, so that people who graduated from colleges and universities willing to continue to learn new things, to promote lifelong learning people. Currently we are too concerned about the technology, it has been missing in the human aspect.

　　Center: Do you think the next five years, the main direction of the mode and method of teaching of information which can predict Research on teaching mode and method of the next five years show what trends??

　　Curtis Bonk: ? As I mentioned earlier, information Teachers teaching mode as janitors, director, conductor and other roles, then how does this thinking students need to improve their process of reflection, motivation process and attentional processes.

　　As I said earlier, you can get them to do more work, without allowing them to detect. Every week my students entered the tens of thousands of words in the forum discussion, but I told them before, they do not realize that they have done so much. They just respond to input their companions, he wrote thousands of words. If I asked them a week to write the contents of a thousand, they will kill me, want to drop the class, because they will think I am too strict. However, if I will not tell them, but at the end of the semester they do tell the content this time, the situation is different.

　　Learning is the most important stage of reporting and reflection. We can put all the content you want to learn stuffed into the brain, but if you do not think it is impossible to keep in mind. Information on teaching models of the key challenges that the learners, and to provide support to these challenges. Teachers only do two things, challenge and support. At the same time, also give feedback, so that learners reflect, to offer them choices that situation and the real world correspond. All of these things are implicit in information teaching mode.

　　In addition, the need to create a safe environment for them to try. The need to provide education so that students can sit down at any time carry out a number of fields of study. We're trying to bring students a place similar to Starbucks, so that they can communicate, share, reflection, discussion and even sleep.

　　In the "Education and learning 3.0 Change" seminar held in Shanghai International Studies University, I talked about the adjustment of learning become more and more comfortable, everywhere, more mobile, more open, more online, with more mixed, while exhibiting the various changes in form. All of these things will affect teacher training, we can no longer use the former way up.

　　Learning becomes more mobile, but we can not only move of learning, must make people realize that we are creating a comfortable learning environment to nurture talent in a more comfortable environment. Confucius outdoor culture in students. Plato is to cultivate talent in his vineyard. Why do not we train people?

　　We can alternately use informal learning and formal learning. Now 90% of learning is informal learning. Formal learning only a small proportion. When people formal learning, there will always be strictly limited, so that learners produce psychological resistance. We must learn as formal as informal learning more attractive, more participation, this is the problem.

　　Center: Do you think effective information teaching mode and method, should have what features?

　　Curtis Bonk: We are in a state of change instructional design, teaching mode, teaching methods and other aspects of being. I believe that effective teaching model is based on information-based environment. When you talk about the environment, not only by the contents of the drive, we need to consider personnel involved in mood, motivation preferences, background, and other areas of interest. Therefore, we need to create a suitable learning environment and atmosphere. Blended learning complex, but also the most effective.

　　In the past, we have been trying to create a more efficient model, in order to train people. Early instructional design model of efficiency, aiming at the fact there is no basis for learners, relying on the assumption that all people are ignorant of this study can help people quickly obtain the necessary basic knowledge and basic skills . However, we need more than just basic skills training, which is why information technology teaching model must be more comprehensive, complex, hybrid, concern motivation, attentional processes, prior knowledge and preferences of course.

　　Center: In the new era, the students 'information technology capabilities for new requirements or new meaning to how to train, develop students' IT literacy it??

　　Curtis Bonk: IT capability really is constantly changing. This is for everyone, there are challenges. We consider not only new technology, but encourage online education, learning styles, problem-solving process and decision-making processes.

　　I think that the student's information technology capacity-building focus from learning about the technology transition is within the resources to find the real information, understand the meaning of these resources. In the information technology capabilities, we should be concerned about the use of technical tools to identify problems, solve problems, make decisions.

　　Students also need to have the ability to use technology to communicate and share. We have a study, it is to allow one to three-year child with a wiki way in Earth grandparents elsewhere jointly writing a book, you can use them between Wikipedia, Skype, WeChat, QQ, or any social media to communicate. I think that, in this age of the study and research related to the high-end communication skills, problem solving skills, decision-making ability and the ability to share.

　　Through practice, computer labs allow students to download content, supplemental content, layout task real world, so they must find specific content, decisions, communication, providing presentations, create a website as a shared entrance.

　　In short, the use of technology to develop these skills, technology and activities need to be combined with the real world, giving them the opportunity to choose a variety of tasks, providing some flexibility and freedom. (Author: Liu Di, etc., Shanghai International Studies University International Comparative Education Informatization Research Center)